| Reference in text | Source – name | Source – details | Source – link | Retrieved on |
| north sea decommissioning to cost £17b by 2024 | North Sea decommissioning expenditure to hit £17bn over next decade | EnergyVoice – Nov 2015 | https://www.energyvoice.com/oilandgas/93482/decommissioning-expenditure-to-hit-17m-over-next-decade/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=EV%20Daily%20Newsletter%202015-11-18&utm_term=Energy%20Voice%20-%20Newsletter | 12/10/2015 |
| north sea decommissioning to cost £40b by 2040 | Shell prepares to dismantle North Sea giants | Financial Times – Feb 2015 | http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f0691186-aab4-11e4-91d2-00144feab7de.html?siteedition=uk#slide1 | 12/10/2015 |
| Cost of drilling an offshore oil well, first barrel cost millions of pounds | Oi-1 well to start again after drilling difficulties | The National Business Review – Jun 2014 | http://www.nbr.co.nz/article/oi-1-well-start-again-after-drilling-difficulties-bd-157472 | 12/4/2015 |
| Edwin Drake | Edwin Drake | Who made America – undated | http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/drake_hi.html | 12/21/2015 |
| The longest oil well | Maersk Oil – The World’s Longest Horizontal Well | You Tube – undated | http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSrvJy8xiF4 | 12/4/2015 |
| How low do they go | The Depth of oil wells | Energy and capital – undated | http://www.energyandcapital.com/resources/the-depth-of-oil-wells | 12/4/2015 |
| Largest platform | Biggest oil rig ever: 200k-ton Sakhalin giant begins production | RT.com – Jan 2015 | http://rt.com/news/224371-oil-rig-berkut-extraction/ | 12/4/2015 |
| Bibi-Eibat, Baku | What is Drilling & Completions and what documents do you need for a Management System | Marius Landman – Oct 2012 | https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CD0QFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mariuslandman.com%2Fuploads%2F2%2F8%2F6%2F8%2F2868912%2Fdrilling__completions_marius_landman.docx&ei=qOyfU5bOL4aLOJqegPgH&usg=AFQjCNG14r5I_V6ndYxabCOj69v8toBdPw&bvm=bv.68911936,d.ZWU | 12/21/2015 |
| Summerland Field, California | Summerland Beach’s oil seepage mystery | Coastal Care – Apr 2012 | http://coastalcare.org/2011/04/summerland-beachs-oil-seepage-mystery/ | 12/21/2015 |
| Grand Lake St Mary’s, Ohio | Ohio Offshore Wells | American oil and gas historical society – undated | http://aoghs.org/offshore-petroleum-history/ohio-offshore-wells/ | 12/21/2015 |
| Continential shelves add an area the size of North America to explore and exploit | Continental Shelf: The Last Maritime Zone | United Nations Environment Programme – 2009 | http://www.unep.org/dewa/Portals/67/pdf/Continental_Shelf.pdf | 12/21/2015 |
| operators flare gas on site if they cannot make a profit from it | North Dakota curbs wasteful flares of oil drilling gas | New Scientist – Apr 2015 | http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22530142.000-north-dakota-curbs-wasteful-flares-of-oil-drilling-gas.html?utm_source=NSNS&utm_medium=SOC&utm_campaign=twitter&cmpid=SOC%7CNSNS%7C2014-GLOBAL-twitter#.VYpXWflVhBe | 12/21/2015 |
| global flaring 2013 | Updated Vented, Flaring, and Fugitive Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Crude Oil Production in the GREETTM Model | Cai, Han, Elgowainy, Wang, Systems Assessment Group, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Oct 2014 | https://greet.es.anl.gov/files/emissions-crude-oil-2014 | 12/4/2015 |
| UK ng consumption 2013 | DUKES Chapter 4: Natural Gas | gov.uk – Jul 2015 | https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/447631/DUKES_2015_Chapter_4.pdf | 11/24/2015 |
| Satellite photos of North Dakota and Texas | NASA – Earth Observatory | Web based image: 29 November 2012 | http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=79810 | 12/21/2015 |
| UK flaring | Gas flaring at oil terminals and producing offshore oilfields | Oil and Gas Field data – Jun 2015 | https://www.gov.uk/guidance/oil-and-gas-uk-field-data | 12/4/2015 |
| UK natural Gas consumption (2014) | DUKES Chapter 4: Natural Gas | gov.uk – Jul 2015 | https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/447631/DUKES_2015_Chapter_4.pdf | 11/24/2015 |
| forty per cent of bakken NG not sold | Nonmarketed natural gas in North Dakota still rising due to higher total production | EIA – Mar 2014 | http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=15511&src | 12/4/2015 |
| World gas production | EIA international statistics | EIA data base – retrieved Nov 2015 | https://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=3&pid=26&aid=2 | 11/24/2015 |
| Subsea installations | About the Industry – Subsea | Oil and Gas UK – undated | http://oilandgasuk.co.uk/knowledgecentre/subsea.cfm | 12/21/2015 |
| Depth constraints of professional divers, ROV depths | Commercial Diving;And How Deep is Deep? | Skin Diver – undated | http://www.skin-diver.com/departments/crosstalk/commdiving.asp?theID=150 | 12/21/2015 |
| Moving platforms at sea | How Do You Move an Oil Rig? With This Enormous $200M Ship | Bloomberg [via You Tube] – Sep 2014 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsnW5CHrpQ8 | 12/21/2015 |
| First barrel took six to ten years to produce | Oil and gas exploration, and production life cycle | Cairn Energy – undated | http://www.cairnenergy.com/index.asp?pageid=554 | 12/21/2015 |
| Recovery phases and percentages | Three phases of oil recovery | China Oilfield Technology – undated | http://www.chinaoilfieldtech.com/oilrecovery.html | 12/21/2015 |
| Injecting co2 into old oil wells creates a store | Class VI – Wells used for Geologic Sequestration of CO2 | EPA – undated | http://www2.epa.gov/uic/class-vi-wells-used-geologic-sequestration-co2 | 12/21/2015 |
| Statoil gas platform | Statoil: The World’s Biggest Underwater Gas Platform | Theoilandgaspost – undated | http://blogs.terrapinn.com/world-oil-and-gas/?p=5294?pk_campaign=Blog_Newsletter_World%20Oil%20&%20Gas&pk_kwd=2013-08-08&elq=faba553340dc4d49aee0ef54ca2d6a39&elqCampaignId=5201 | 12/21/2015 |
| Inspectors look for leaks in helicopeters | Airborne leak detector certified in Germany for urban gas grids | Scherello, Ulbricht, Kern Pipeline and Gas Journal August 2010 Vol. 237 No. 8 | http://www.pipelineandgasjournal.com/airborne-leak-detector-certified-germany-urban-gas-grids | 12/21/2015 |
| drones hunt out leaks in pipelines | The new trend – Drones for the Pipeline industry | Jack Behar [LinkedIn] – Sep 2015 | https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/new-trend-drones-pipeline-industry-jack-behar | 12/21/2015 |
| Corrosion detection in pipelines | Pipeline stress corrosion cracking: detection and control | Beavers, Pipeline and Gas Journel, July 2015, Vol.242, No. 7 | http://www.pipelineandgasjournal.com/pipeline-stress-corrosion-cracking-detection-and-control | 12/21/2015 |
| Obama vetos keystone XL and its supports promise to keep fighting | Obama rejects Keystone XL pipeline and hails US as leader on climate change | The Guardian – Nov 2015 | http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/06/obama-rejects-keystone-xl-pipeline | 12/10/2015 |
| 1850s oil tanker | Oil wells worked with American machinery at Yanangyet, Burma | British Library – 2009 | http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/o/019pho000000180u00028000.html | 12/21/2015 |
| Zoraster | Zoroaster: The World’s First Tanker Ship | Marine Insight – Dec 2012 | http://www.marineinsight.com/marine/marine-news/headline/zoroaster-the-worlds-first-tanker-ship/ | 12/21/2015 |
| 60% of our oil travels by sea, amount and value calculated | World oil transit chokepoints | EIA – Nov 2014 | https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/regions-topics.cfm?RegionTopicID=WOTC | 12/4/2015 |
| Oil consumption | International Energy Statistics Petroleum Consumption | EIA data base – retrieved Dec 2015 | https://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=5&pid=5&aid=2 | 12/4/2015 |
| convert barrels into litres | metric conversions | metric-conversions.com | http://www.metric-conversions.org/volume/us-oil-barrels-to-liters.htm | 12/4/2015 |
| Litres of water in an olympic swimming pool | When dam size matters | Austrailian Bureau of Metrology – Oct 2012 | http://media.bom.gov.au/social/blog/39/when-dam-size-matters/ | 12/21/2015 |
| TI tankers | What are TI’s biggest vessels? | Tankers international – undated | http://www.tankersinternational.com/Education-Facts.php | 12/4/2015 |
| Oil tankers are white | What’s the best color to paint a ship? The answer might surprise you! | gcaptain – May 2015 | http://gcaptain.com/whats-the-best-color-to-paint-a-ship-the-answer-might-surprise-you/#.Vky9zfnhBhE | 12/21/2015 |
| Oil tankers have coatings to reduce hydrogen release | Guidelines for coating maintenance & repairs for ballast tanks and combined cargo/ ballast tanks on oil tankers | IACS – May 2015 | http://www.iacs.org.uk/document/public/Publications/Resolution_changes/PDF/REC_087_Rev2_pdf2592.pdf | 12/21/2015 |
| Nanotechnology coated oil tankers | Applied Nanotechnology: The Conversion of Research Results to Products | Jeremy Ramsden, William Andrew, 19 Sep 2013 | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xsweY3qf_lwC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=nanotechnology+coated+tankers&source=bl&ots=-5MUDtJj3R&sig=wzlNE8Z2Imapt9JjEruTxAqWhVI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG7v_WjO3JAhWLbBoKHbtLDFYQ6AEIPDAD#v=onepage&q=nanotechnology%20coated%20tankers&f=false | 12/21/2015 |
| Prelude, floating production and offload vessel | Prelude FLNG – an overview | Shell – undated | http://www.shell.com/about-us/major-projects/prelude-flng.html | 12/21/2015 |
| hydrogen sulphide will kill you instantly | Hydrogen Sulfide | United States Department of Labour – undated | https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hydrogensulfide/hazards.html | 12/21/2015 |
| UK oil and gas consumption of UK energy | DUKES Chapter 1: Energy | gov.uk – Jul 2015 | https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/447628/DUKES_2015_Chapter_1.pdf | 12/4/2015 |
| Making the oil from the tar sands flow | About Tar Sands | 2012 oil shale and tar sands programmatic EIS Information Center – undated | http://ostseis.anl.gov/guide/tarsands/ | 2/8/2016 |
| Fischer-Tropsch | The GTL/CTL/BTL Process: Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) Fuels: Historical Review | ANGTL Company – undated | http://angtl.com/pdfs/HistoryofF-T.pdf | 12/21/2015 |
| Fredonia | Name the gas industry birthplace. Fredonia, NY? | American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Ken Milam – undated | http://www.aapg.org/Publications/News/Explorer/Details/ArticleID/2409/Fredonia-N-Y | 12/21/2015 |
| Preston Barmore | History of Drilling | Clover DCI – undated | http://cloverdci.com/gallery/history-of-drilling/ | 12/21/2015 |
| Colonel Roberts | Shooters – A “Fracking” History | American oil and gas historical society – undated | http://aoghs.org/technology/hydraulic-fracturing/ | 12/21/2015 |
| sixty per cent of oil wells are fracked, fracking in kansas 1949 | Hydraulic fracturing: History of an enduring technology | Fracking resource guide – Aug 2011 | http://frack.mixplex.com/content/hydraulic-fracturing-history-enduring-technology | 12/21/2015 |
| Many countries have used fracking since the seventies | Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Handbook of Environmental Management Practices | Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Anton Davletshin, John Wiley and Sons – Jan 2015 | https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aA5yBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT47&lpg=PT47&dq=Hydraulic+fracturing+in+the+United+Kingdom+has+been+used+in+North+Sea+oil+and+gas+fields+from+the+late+1970s&source=bl&ots=E8p3DzIaA-&sig=aa4z8Cch9DxjGOchu4gN5-pop-8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQoIfS4aXPAhUoDcAKHcUVBXYQ6AEIKzAC#v=onepage&q=Hydraulic%20fracturing%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom%20has%20been%20used%20in%20North%20Sea%20oil%20and%20gas%20fields%20from%20the%20late%201970s&f=false | 12/21/2015 |
| US government funding research into fracking, Union Pacific slickwater | Fuel for Thought: Fracking and the Natural Gas Boom | American Action Forum – May 2013 | http://americanactionforum.org/sites/default/files/Fuel%20For%20Thought%20Fracking.pdf | 12/21/2015 |
| George Mitchell | The father of fracking | The Economist – Aug 2013 | http://www.economist.com/news/business/21582482-few-businesspeople-have-done-much-change-world-george-mitchell-father | 12/21/2015 |
| US proven and TRR oil reserves | U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves | EIA – Nov 2015 | https://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/crudeoilreserves/ | 12/4/2015 |
| US and global tight oil and shale gas reserves | Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States | EIA – Sep 2015 | https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/worldshalegas/ | 11/24/2015 |
| Global NG consumption | International Energy Statistics – Natural Gas Consumption | EIA data base – retrieved Nov 2015 | https://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=3&pid=26&aid=2 | 11/24/2015 |
| Hotel boom | North Dakota RevPARs slip amid oil boom | HotelNewsNow – Mar 2014 | http://www.hotelnewsnow.com/article/13370/North-Dakota-RevPARs-slip-amid-oil-boom | 12/21/2015 |
| Biggest job growth for women is waiting on tables | Women Waiting Tables Provide Most of Female Gains in U.S. | Bloomberg – Sep 2013 | http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-09-19/women-waiting-tables-provide-most-of-female-gains-in-u-s-.html | 12/21/2015 |
| Prince Alwaleed bin Talal | Saudi Prince: Fracking Is Threat To Kingdom | Sky – Jul 2013 | http://news.sky.com/story/1121610/saudi-prince-fracking-is-threat-to-kingdom | 12/21/2015 |
| Mena nations turning to renewables | MENA Renewables Status Report | United Arab Emirates Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Directorate of Energy & Climate Change, IRENA – International Renewable Energy Agency, REN21 – Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century – 2013 | http://www.ren21.net/Portals/0/documents/activities/Regional%20Reports/MENA_2013_lowres.pdf | 12/17/2015 |
| BP explosion | Macondo Blowout and Explosion | US Chemical Safety Board – undated | http://www.csb.gov/macondo-blowout-and-explosion/ | 12/21/2015 |
| Deepwater Horizon only recovered less than 20% of spilled oil | Oil spill dumped 4.9 million barrels into Gulf of Mexico, latest measure shows | http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/02/AR2010080204695.html | 12/21/2015 | |
| ten million gallons of oil are found on seabed | Where did the missing oil go? New study says some is sitting on the Gulf floor | Florida State University – Jan 2015 | http://news.fsu.edu/More-FSU-News/24-7-News-Archive/2015/January-2015/Where-did-the-missing-oil-go-New-study-says-some-is-sitting-on-the-Gulf-floor | 12/21/2015 |
| blow out regulations still not law | Wave of new federal oil and gas mandates in the works | Houston Chronicle – Jul 2015 | http://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/Wave-of-new-federal-oil-and-gas-mandates-in-the-6368433.php?t=34f9682967&cmpid=twitter-premium | 12/21/2015 |
| 2011 Yellowstone leak | Yellowstone river suffers oil spill | The Guardian – Jul 2011 | http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jul/03/yellowstone-river-suffers-oil-spill | 12/21/2015 |
| 2015 Yellowstone leak | Montana oil spill latest in pipeline company’s string of incidents | The Guardian – Jan 2015 | http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jan/31/montana-oil-spill-company-long-history-leaks | 12/21/2015 |
| Elgin field gas leak | Elgin–Franklin fields, March 2012 gas leak | Wikipedia – retrieved 5 July 2015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgin%E2%80%93Franklin_fields#March_2012_gas_leak | 12/21/2015 |
| Shell drilling rig runs ashore in Alaska | Shell’s Arctic Drilling Venture Stumbles Toward Reality | Huffington Post – Sep 2012 | http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tom-zeller-jr/shell-arctic-drilling_b_1679697.html | 12/21/2015 |
| Shell drilling rig runs ashore in Alaska – take two | Here’s how Shell’s errant arctic oil rig made it to safety | PA – Mar 2013 | http://www.pahomepage.com/story/d/story/heres-how-shells-errant-arctic-oil-rig-made-it-to/34992/-pqakwvzT0CX67Aviaz3xw | 12/21/2015 |
| Ko Samet oil spill | Rayong oil spill | Wikipedia – retrieved 5 July 2015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayong_oil_spill | 12/21/2015 |
| Canadian company ordered to drain a lake to find the source of four oil spills | CNRL ordered to drain a lake in Alberta, stop oil spill | The Globe and Mail – Sep 2014 | http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/cnrl-ordered-to-drain-a-lake-in-alberta-stop-oil-spill/article14509500/ | 12/21/2015 |
| Conflicting statements about the oil spilled at the Primrose site | CNRL Releases New, Lower Cold Lake Oil Spill Estimates | DesmogCanada – Feb 2014 | http://www.desmog.ca/2014/02/19/cnrl-releases-new-lower-cold-lake-oil-spill-estimates | 12/21/2015 |
| Lac Megantic | Two Years After Oil Train Disaster, Profound Scars Remain in Lac-Mégantic | Common Dreams – Jul 2015 | http://www.commondreams.org/news/2015/07/06/two-years-after-oil-train-disaster-profound-scars-remain-lac-megantic | 12/21/2015 |
| Galveston bunker spill | Assessing the Damage from the Galveston Bay Oil Spill | Texas Observer – Apr 2014 | http://www.texasobserver.org/assessing-the-damage-from-the-galveston-bay-oil-spill/ | 12/21/2015 |
| M/V Marathassa in English Bay | Independent Review of the M/V Marathassa Fuel Oil Spill Environmental Response Operation | Canadian Coast Guard – Jul 2015 | http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/independent-review-Marathassa-oil-spill-ER-operation | 12/23/2015 |
| Santa Barbara broken pipeline | Broken oil pipeline spills 21,000 gallons off California coast | Washington Times – May 2015 | http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/may/19/pipeline-bursts-spills-oil-into-ocean-off-californ/ | 12/21/2015 |
| gas well explosion in Texas | South Texas oil well explodes, spews toxic gas | ValleyCentral – May 2015 | http://www.valleycentral.com/news/story.aspx?id=1207003#.VYpR_PlVhBc | 12/21/2015 |
| Two derailments in Wisconsin | Homes evacuated as second train in two days derails in Wisconsin | Reuters – Nov 2015 | http://www.reuters.com/article/us-wisconsin-derailment-idUSKCN0SX0QL20151109 | 12/10/2015 |
| natural gas storage leak | Aliso Canyon leak sheds light on national problem – Methane leaks occurring across our natural gas supply chain take huge climate toll | Environmental Defence Fund – Live | https://www.edf.org/climate/aliso-canyon-leak-sheds-light-national-problem | 31/1/2016 |
| LA leak closed | Massive Gas Leak That Prompted State Of Emergency Finally Stopped | BuzzFeedNews – Feb 2016 | http://www.buzzfeed.com/claudiakoerner/massive-natural-gas-leak-in-los-angeles-finally-brought-unde#.lkBj3MwBe | 14/2/2016 |
| Broken pipeline in Peru | Peru oil spill pollutes Amazon rivers used by indigenous group | BBC News – Feb 2016 | http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-35636738 | 26/02/2016 |
| Gulf of Mexico leaks since 2004 | The Biggest Oil Leak You’ve Never Heard Of, Still Leaking After 12 Years | EcoWatch – Feb 2016 | http://ecowatch.com/2016/02/23/biggest-oil-leak-mc20/ | 26/02/2016 |
| Closing chapter of the Presidential Report – Gulf of Mexico spill 2010 | Oil Spill Commission Final Report Blames Deepwater Disaster On ‘Systemic Failures’ | LexisNexis Legal Newsroom – Feb 2011 | http://www.lexisnexis.com/legalnewsroom/litigation/b/litigation-blog/archive/2011/02/04/oil-spill-commission-final-report-blames-deepwater-disaster-on-systemic-failures.aspx | 12/21/2015 |
| Cold Cracking | Cold Cracking Can Save Millions for Oil refineries: Technocrat | The New Indian Express – Nov 2014 | http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/Cold-Cracking-Can-Save-Millions-for-Oil-refineries-Technocrat/2014/11/10/article2516243.ece | 12/21/2015 |
| extraction using microwaves | Microwave process for intrinsic permeability enhancement and hydrocarbon extraction from subsurface deposits | Google Patent Search Application US20070289736 A1 Published Dec 2007 | http://www.google.com/patents/US20070289736 | 12/10/2015 |
| improved ways of cleaning up spills | Deakin scientists create revolutionary material to clean oil spills | Deakin University – Nov 2015 | http://www.deakin.edu.au/news/latest-media-releases/2015-media-releases-archives/deakin-scientists-create-revolutionary-material-to-clean-oil-spills | 12/7/2015 |
| Oil exploration in the Falklands | New Falklands oil discovery could stir trouble with Argentina | The Telegraph – May 2015 | http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/11635627/New-Falklands-oil-discovery-could-stir-trouble-with-Argentina.html | 12/21/2015 |
| US government give shell permission to drill in the Arctic | US gives conditional nod to Royal dutch Shell for oil and gas drilling in Arctic Ocean | The Economic Times – May 2015 | http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-05-12/news/62082947_1_arctic-ocean-gas-drilling-exploration-permit | 12/21/2015 |
| Shell have backed out of the Arctic | Shell Oil Abandons Controversial Drilling Off Alaska’s Shore | NPR – Sep 2015 | http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/28/444115947/shell-oil-abandons-controversial-drilling-off-alaska-s-shore | 12/21/2015 |
| NG industry balked at tighter emissions regulations | New methane regulation “could threaten shale” | MyManufacturingConnection – Jan 2015 | http://www.mymanufacturingconnection.org/community/blog.php?user=14&blogentry_id=675 | 12/21/2015 |
a portfolio of interests
Michelle Spaul 